with immediately preceding citation (different page) with immediately preceding citation (same page of case) R15.2.3 Exceptions to using the first party of the case name.R15.2 Short Citations In Citation Sentences and Clauses.R14.2.2 Indirect subsequent history and legislative or constitutional subsequent history.R14.2.1 Direct subsequent history of the litigation.R13.2 Optional Explanatory Parenthetical.R13.1 Parenthetical for Weight of Authority.R13 Weight of Authority and Explanatory Parenthetical.R12.4.2 Opinions only available online, but not in a commercial database.R12.4.1 Pending cases in LEXIS and Westlaw or other commercial database.R12.4 Special Note on Pending and Unreported or Unpublished Cases.R12.3.2 Year indicated in medium-neutral citation.R12.3 Duplicative Court and Year Information.R12.3.2 Exceptions for including intermediate appellate department or division.R12.3 Intermediate appellate departments or divisions.R11.7.3 Paragraph numbers in medium-neutral cases.R11.6.3 Parallel citation in state court documents.R11.6.1 Overview of volumes, reporters, and pages.R11.6 Volume Number, Reporter, First Page.R11.5.17 Cases known by a distinct name.R11.5.13 Commissioner of Internal Revenue.R11.5.11 Prepositional phrases with locations.R11.5.9 State or commonwealth as a party.R11.5.3 Commonly recognized abbreviations.R11.5.2 First-named party on each side of the “v.”.R11.5 General Case Name Truncation for All Contexts.R11.4 Limited Case-Name Abbreviations in Textual Sentences.R11.3.3 Discretionary abbreviations (citation sentences and clauses).R11.3.2 Geographical abbreviations (citation sentences and clauses).R11.3.1 Common word abbreviations (citation sentences and clauses).R11.3 Comprehensive Case-Name Abbreviations in Citation Sentences and Clauses.R11.1.3 Prior or subsequent history of the case.R10.2 Format and Order of Parentheticals Showing the Weight of Authority.R10.1.1 Paraphrases and other original parentheticals.R8.3.7 Omission of full sentences following the quoted material.R8.3.6 Omission of a footnote or citation.R8.3.5 Omission at the end of a sentence.R8.3.4 Omission Within a quotation as a phrase or clause.R8.3.3 Omission in the middle of a sentence.R8.3.2 Omission from the beginning of a quoted sentence.R8.2.5 Parentheticals to indicate quotations within quotations.R8.2.4 Use of parenthetical clauses to indicate changes to quotation.R8.2.3 Substitution of letters or words.R8.2.2 Mistakes in the original quotation.R7.2 Ordinal Abbreviations in Citations.R6.2.1 Short citations derived from the full citation.R5.2.3 Spans of sections, subsections, and scattered subsections.R5.2 Sections, Subsections, and Related Subdivisions.R5.1.3 Footnotes, figures, historical notes, and tables.R5 Pages, Sections, Paragraphs, and Related Subdivisions.R4.8 Signals for Contradictory Authority.R4.7 Signal for Comparison: Compare … with ….R4.5.2 Signals in citation clauses within textual sentences.R4.5.1 Signals that start citation sentences. ![]()
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